Dark Matter

Dark matter is assumed to be the "adhesive" that holds significance to galaxies. The mysterious, invisible substance is made of the same type of material forming the star, planet and the person. The astronomer know little about dark matter, but has the biggest piece of the universe's mass. Have deduced the existence of dark matter by observing its gravitational influence on ghostly ordinary matter. One way to study dark matter and analyze what impacts between clusters of galaxies, the largest structure of the  universe. Cluster colliding galaxy, astronomers expect to accompany these dark matter. The intergalactic gas cloud, however, impact a cons others, delayed braking and after impact.

This theory was supported by the observations in visible light and X-rays of a colossal collision between two galaxy clusters, known as the Bullet Cluster, and other colliding clusters, including one known as "The Perry cluster" as described recently in the work of another team led by astronomer at UC Davis.

supermassive black hole sucking matter observation

As explained by another author of the research, an astronomer at the University of Michigan, Marta Volonteri, "We had reason to expect that black holes exist in many of the early galaxies, but so far they had escaped our search." In fact, it was anticipated that a population of black holes "baby" existed in the early universe, but this population had not been observed so far. 

 The main difficulty in studying black holes is that they are almost all surrounded by dense clouds of gas and dust, so that optical telescopes can’t detect them. However, the X-ray light high energy it can penetrate these clouds, and allow to study what they hide.

Recreation of a black hole

The Black hole are regions of space that concentrate a large amount of mass in its interior and a high density, which generates a gravitational field capable of attracting any particulate material. Even the photons (which are the particles that make up light) escape black holes. 

So far, astronomers have managed to look even further away in space and time (in astronomy, the greater the distance studied, the data correspond to an older universe) to analyze these regions through the telescopes powerful. However, the detection of giant black holes, hidden in the centers of galaxies, they had resisted. 

Now a team of specialists from the University of Michigan, United States, has managed to find the first direct evidence that these black holes were common in the "early universe" initial stage of the universe that followed the Big Bang.