Structures of galaxies Clusters

In the universe Galaxy clusters are huge structures. Galaxies emit a lot of gravity. These causes nearby galaxies attract each other and are merged to form clusters. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is part of a small cluster called the Local Group . Within a cluster, galaxies rotate around each other, and even frequently collide. The size and mass of the cluster galaxies varies with the form, but the distance between one end and another is always several million light years.

Photonic Structures mass 3-D

However, gallium arsenide has to be applied in this case in complex three dimensional structures, through an epitaxial approach which eliminates many of the defects introduced by traditional manufacturing methods, opening a promising way for the creation of photonic structures mass 3-D.

 Another advantage of this new system is the ease of creating on the through different layers. With sudden changes may be possible to vary the materials introduced in the photonic crystal, enabling new applications and uses for these devices. 

 To test their technique, the research group at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign built a 3D photonic crystal LED, the first device of this type for this class of applications. Now, engineers and researchers work to optimize the structure specific applications in mind.