This is what happens
when the universe divides by zero. They arise when the reality shows a critical
error: too much material in one place the power of its own gravity and spoils
the substance, and the place in which it is located. Usually gravity in our
universe is playing the role of a caring older brother who always preterit for
younger scattered toys. But in the case of black holes, gravity becomes
downright Al Capone, which first convened a meeting the entire fundamental laws
of life, and then arranges a real meat grinder with their participation.
Black
holes are not only destroying the matter, they destroy the quantum laws that
shape this matter, compressing it to a state of miserable crumbs until she
ceases to exist too. In short, the black holes are simply ignoring reality.
Although most people consider them a kind of "techs Space" is
infinitely distant from the reality show. We have gathered the facts that will
relieve you of that misconception.
01. It is the brightest
object in the sky everyone knows that even light cannot escape the black hole
surface, and because of this they imagine something like an open space in the
middle of a manhole. Meanwhile, the "black hole" - it's just a
figurative name; in fact they are often the brightest celestial objects. We
forget that in addition to the event horizon, beyond which light cannot really
break out, there is also the rest of the universe, and that the spinning black
hole swallows matter around, spinning stuff, like a whirlpool. When the gas
cloud "falls" into a black hole, matter is compressed pressure
dramatically decreases in the volume and heating from friction. And, like a
meteor in the atmosphere, the gas around the black hole begins to naturally
burn. Moreover, it is heating up even white-hot - he begins to emit X-rays,
recycling 10% of its total mass into pure energy. For comparison, fusion energy
warheads processed in only 5% of its mass. You are appreciated? Throw something
into the black hole, and you get to 2 times more power than a thermonuclear
explosion.
02. They arrange
explosions of galactic magnitude Black holes create the most powerful
gravitational acceleration, and they are also the heaviest objects of our
universe. Push the other one is equivalent to if you tried to hack the computer
of the creator, although in our galaxy is a collision has occurred above two
cosmic explosions ever growing bubbles of high-energy particles. How big they
are? Well, here's this streak of dust between - our Milky Way galaxy, and the
diameter of each of the bubbles - 25 000 light-years. Now they cover half of
the visible sky, and started to grow, apparently millions of years ago. These
images are specially made color - really pink on them noted gamma radiation.
Scientists suggest that these bubbles arose when an unknown dwarf galaxy to the
Milky Way dove and its central black hole is lost to our outright, though done
in our galaxy cases, like a bull in a china shop.
03. There are millions the
brightest black holes with an active nucleus are called quasars. They are not
only the brightest objects in their galaxies - they are brighter than all other
stars in them together. Lighthouses indicate sailor’s places from which it is
better to stay away, but they also represent the key point for navigation. So
black holes are excellent markers that allow us to build maps of the universe.
Taking a black hole for the most horrible space monsters, people believe their
rarity. And for good reason: in almost every galaxy there is a supermassive
black hole. 2.5 Million - that's the number of active black holes absorbing
substance detected infrared telescope WISE. They just did surround us.
04. They constantly
produce antimatter the universe is constantly creates particle-antiparticle
pairs, which are springing up immediately annihilate each other, producing the
emission of gamma radiation, and do it so quickly that the Heisenberg
uncertainty principle does not even have time to act. But if the virtual
particle-antiparticle pair reaches the event horizon, one of them pulled into
the black hole, while the other is free. All this would be an excellent text
psychedelic song if it were not described by one of the smartest people on the
planet - Stephen Hawking. Since then, what particle "escapes" from
the black hole is determined by chance, the so-called Hawking radiation
suggests that over the event horizon is a mixture of particle-antiparticle in
the proportion of 50 to 50 in a continuous stream of self-annihilation.
05. They may explode
Even black holes have to pay for breaking all the rules of our universe - the
law of conservation of energy applies to them. However, we must make a
reservation: a large black hole at all uneasy, hawking radiation takes too
insignificant part of their mass. But for small holes are a disaster - they
emit more energy than they absorb. And then the black hole explodes. But do not
worry - if the hole is so small to explode, it is almost unable to break
anything in the process.
06. They shoot
"death rays" Black holes are voracious as Pac man, and if they are as
smooth out our universe from the rest, we just have to hope that the creator
came up with the next level. But it is so well known, and that's what you
barely know, black holes can shoot high-energy beams of intergalactic
proportions. When the black hole swallows matter, revolving around its equator,
the poles emit space plasma jets, called jets, at a velocity close to the speed
of light in the picture galaxy 3S321. The black hole in its center emits a
powerful jet in the direction of a neighboring galaxy, bombarding her X-rays,
gamma rays and streams of relativistic particles at a distance of 20,000 light
years. This black hole, scientists NASA (and these guys even the death of the
Universe usually speaks quietly) dubbed the "Death Star".
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