Last year, the Large Hadron Collider has been
defined mass "God particle" - the Higgs boson. Its importance was
such that can turn all preconceived ideas about the "strength" of our
world - the end of the universe can come at any moment, and the source of the
death of the universe may appear at any point. Traditionally, the end of the
universe, scientists "suggested" three basic scenarios . And they
were all tied to the properties of dark energy - a hypothetical phenomenon
through which modern physics explains why our universe is expanding with
acceleration.
The first scenario is the end of the universe - and the recession
of heat death. If the accelerated expansion of the Universe will continue at
about the present rate, then all galaxies beyond our Supercluster come out of
the event horizon (their relative velocity exceeds the speed of light).
Accordingly, we can access the universe is reduced to the size of our galaxy
with neighbors who gradually "cool" to the state of heat death: stop
star formation, stars burn out, black holes evaporate, there will be the era of
eternal darkness ... All of this will be relevant in about a trillion years and
beyond. When This cost remembers that life on Earth has become impossible
"only" a billion years ... The second scenario is the end of the
universe - a big gap.
The theory of the Big Rip (Big Rip) comes from the fact
that the force of the impact of dark energy is such that the rate of expansion
of our universe will increase more and more, and the end of the universe will
come in about 22 billion years. It will happen because as the speed increases
the distance to the expansion of the event horizon will increasingly diminish,
until all the components of the universe to explode objects and bodies,
including atoms and subatomic particles ... So, for a billion years before the
Big Rip dissolve clusters of galaxies, for 60 million years before the end of
the universe - break up our galaxy, for 3 months - will scatter the solar
system, and 30 minutes from the end - destroy the Earth (or any other star
systems and planets, which will be intelligent life, given that the earth in
the form in which we know it is that time will not be) ...
The third scenario
is the end of the universe - High compression. If the dark energy will not be
not permanent and will not grow, but at a certain point of evolution of the
Universe will subside, then we can expect great compression. This scenario
describes the situation of the end of the universe, when under the influence of
gravitational forces pull together the universe at one point. Until the moment
when the universe did not decrease relative to the existing 100 times,
everything will be as before, but then the universe would be like one big
galaxy. The background radiation temperature reaches 274k and on Earth-like
planets will begin to melt the ice, wherever he was. Further compression causes
the microwave background radiation that would eclipse even the central star of
a planetary system, burning on planets shoots past life. And soon after that
will evaporate or be torn to pieces by the stars themselves and the planet.
Next, the state of the universe would be similar to what it was in the first
moments of its origin: the atoms split into atomic nuclei and electrons,
radiation begins to dominate, and then start to break up atomic nuclei into
protons and neutrons, and then decay protons and neutrons themselves to
individual quarks are ... Grand unification. At this point, as in the moment of
the Big Bang, stop running the known laws of physics, and the fate of the
universe cannot be predicted ... These are the traditional scenario, the end of
the universe. But now, after determining the mass of a new elementary particle,
which, most likely, is the Higgs boson, in theory, not only figured out a new scenario
for the death of our world, but it proved a fundamental instability. Higgs
boson - a particle that the standard model is responsible for the mass of
elementary particles. Its existence was predicted in 1964. But only after the
construction of the most expensive scientific instrument in the history of
mankind (LHC) has been "caught" a particle that likely it is.
And
most importantly - was determined mass of the Higgs boson, which was equal to
125-126 GeV. It is this value and enabled theoretical physicist Joseph Likkenu
justify a new theory of the death of the universe. The fact that the mass of
the Higgs boson allows the existence of "false vacuum." That is a
vacuum in our universe may not have the lowest energy, and dwells only in the
state with a local minimum of energy. This means that at any time can it slips
into a state of "true vacuum". That is, at any time, in any part of
the universe can be a quantum fluctuation, which resulted in minimal
"bubble" of the vacuum gives rise to a new universe - because of
their lower energy level it will absorb everything around them, extending the
speed of light. This event and will be beginning of the end of our universe. On
the other hand, one cannot speak about the end of the history of the universe,
and of the replacement of one generation by another universe.
However, the
new-born universe will be radically different from the old one - so it will be
a generational change when the baby eats its parent ... Joseph Lykken in his
report reassured the audience that since the universe has existed for 13.75
billion years old, that means it is stable enough to survive even a very long
time, and in addition, the expansion of the "bubble" of the new
universe will be as fast as possible to convey information - that neither
frightened nor prepared for it, we do not have time - the end of the universe
happens transparently for all living things. This is the new scenario the death
of the universe. It is curious above all because it gives us a chance to think
again about the fragility of all things, including The universe as a whole. The
fact that the world is such that the existence of both him and us in it - a
real miracle the same specific calculations J. Likens will be possible only after
the resumption of the LHC experiments in 2015 ...
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